베닌카사 히스피다(Benincasa hispida), 때로는 왁스 고드, 퍼지 고드, 또는 카두라고도 불리는 이 식물은 쿠슈만다의 다른 이름입니다. 동남아시아가 원산지이며 매년 자랍니다. 지지대를 이용하면 울타리를 타고 올라가거나 땅을 따라 뻗어 나갈 수 있습니다. 덩굴손이 가지처럼 뻗어 나갑니다. 주로 식용으로 재배됩니다. 쿠슈만다의 두껍고 털이 많으며 날카로운 홈이 있는 줄기는 뻣뻣한 털로 덮여 있습니다. 줄기에는 크고 거친 질감의 잎이 다섯 갈래로 갈라져 있습니다. 잎의 윗면은 거칠고 둥근 콩팥 모양입니다. 최대 3.5cm까지 자라는 아름다운 황금빛 노란색 꽃이 핍니다.2" 넓은 잎을 가진 이 호박은 초여름에 잎겨드랑이에서 꽃이 핍니다. 암꽃은 결국 직사각형에서 거의 구형에 이르는 멜론과 비슷한 열매를 맺는데, 그 모양과 용도는 발달 단계, 성장 방식, 환경 요인에 따라 다양합니다. 어린 열매는 보통 솜털로 덮여 있어 '솜털 호박'이라고 부릅니다. 열매는 완전히 익을 때까지 솜털이 가늘고 부드럽게 덮여 있습니다. 과육은 아삭하고 맛있습니다. 어린 열매는 쉽게 상하기 때문에 수확하기 일주일 전까지 먹을 수 있습니다. 이렇게 어린 열매는 여름 호박과 비슷하다고도 합니다. 즙이 많고 부드러운 이 어린 열매는 굽거나 볶거나 잘게 썰어 먹는 등 다양한 방법으로 요리할 수 있습니다. 완전히 익은 열매는 껍질이 왁스처럼 되어 있어 '겨울 멜론'이라고도 불립니다. 이 왁스층은 열매를 손상으로부터 보호하고 더 오랫동안 보관할 수 있도록 해줍니다. 동과(겨울멜론)는 크기가 적당하여 무게가 5~20파운드(약 2.3~9kg) 정도 나가며, 모양은 구형 또는 원통형입니다. 원통형은 길이가 15cm이고, 구형은 지름이 12cm입니다. 적절한 환경과 자생지가 갖춰지면 무게 25~50파운드(약 11~23kg), 길이 4~6피트(약 1.2~1.8m)까지 훨씬 더 크게 자랄 수 있습니다. 동과는 수프, 제과류, 채소 요리 등 다양한 요리에 활용하기 좋습니다.
일반 설명
Benincasa hispida는 학명으로 Kushmanda라고 알려져 있습니다.
아차랴 차라카는 제6장 "수트라스타나의 안나판 비디"에서 쿠슈만다를 아하라드르비야라고 언급합니다. 이 식물은 동과, 흰 호박, 녹색 호박 등 여러 이름으로 잘 알려져 있습니다. 아유르베다에서는 쿠슈만다 외에도 푸슈파팔라, 피타푸슈파 등 다양한 이름으로 부릅니다.
쿠슈만다는 피타와 바타 도샤를 조절하며, 기름지고 가벼운 제형입니다. 이 식물에 함유된 식물성 화학물질을 이용하여 이러한 도샤를 조절하고 제어합니다. 주요 성분으로는 n-헥세날, n-헥실포르메이트, (E)-2-헥살이 있습니다. 뿌리에는 브리오놀산과 펜타사이클릭 트리테르펜이 함유되어 있습니다. 씨앗에는 에틸리덴 콜레스테롤과 24β-에틸 콜레스테롤이 들어 있습니다. 열매에는 루페올, 세토스테롤, 람노스, 만니톨, 쿠쿠르비틴, 알칼리, 지방, 비타민, 포도당, 아데닌, 히스티딘 등 다양한 물질이 함유되어 있습니다. 쿠쿠르비타 5,24-디에놀은 과피, 뿌리, 줄기, 잎을 포함한 식물 전체에서 추출됩니다.
이 식물은 강장, 두뇌 강화, 소화 촉진, 이뇨, 냉각, 구충, 지혈, 활력 증진 등 다양한 효능을 가지고 있습니다. 또한, 이 식물은 라크타피타(raktapitta)를 진정시키는 효과가 있습니다. 특히 열매 과육 즙은 객혈 및 기타 체액 분비에 매우 효과적이며, 특히 촌충과 장내 기생충에 씨앗이 잘 작용합니다. 식물 전체는 심장, 신체, 라샤나(rasyana), 브라마나(bhramana)에 유익하며, 다투(dhatu) 생성을 촉진합니다.
분류
계 - 식물계
아문 - 기관계
상위분류 - 종자식물문
분류 - 속씨식물문
분류 - 목련강
아강 - Dilleniidae
주문 - 비올레
과 - 박과
서식지
인도에서 쿠슈만다는 평원과 구릉지대에서 해발 1,204미터까지 자랍니다. 쿠슈만다 생산의 대부분은 따뜻한 지역에서 이루어집니다. 유럽과 아메리카에는 로마 시대부터 존재해 왔으며, 미얀마, 스리랑카, 인도에도 자생합니다.
인도 전역에서 재배되지만, 펀자브와 우타르프라데시 지역에서 가장 흔하게 볼 수 있습니다. 주로 열매를 얻기 위해 재배하며, 씨앗은 2월에 파종합니다. 열매는 3~6개월 후에 익습니다.
이름
라틴어 이름 - Benincasa hispida
산스크리트어 이름 – Kushmanda, pushpaphala
아삼어 이름 - 코모라, 쿠모라,
벵골어 이름 - 쿰라, 찰 쿰라,
힌두교 이름 - 골카두, 락사,
말라얄람어 이름 - 쿰불람, 쿰팔람,
마라티어 이름 - 코할라,
미조람 이름 - 마이폴,
산스크리어 이름 - Brhatphala, Kushmanda,
타밀어 이름 - 알라투푸치니, 벤 푸사니,
툴루 이름 - 카르쿰부다,
텔루구어 이름 - Budidegummadi, Pendligummadikaaya,
우르두어 이름 – 페타
프랑스 이름 - 쿠르주 시뢰즈
독일어 이름 - 윈터멜론
중국어 이름 - 파이 과
이탈리아 이름 - 주카 델라 세라
일본 이름 - 토간, 토그와
말레이 이름 - 쿤두르
네팔어 이름 - 페타
파키스탄 이름 - 페타
싱가포르 이름 - 탕콰
스리랑카 이름 - 푸훌
아유르베다적 특성
특정한
힌디어/산스크리트어
영어
라사(맛)
마두라
달콤한
구나(물리적 속성)
라구, 스니그드
가볍고 기름진
비르야(효능)
시타
추운
비파카(소화 후 맛)
마두라
달콤한
도샤에 미치는 영향
이는 바타와 피타를 조절하고 관리합니다.
실용적인 용도
쿠슈만다라고도 불리는 동과는 간질을 비롯한 신경계 질환의 아유르베다 치료에 매우 효과적입니다.
위궤양은 이 약으로 치료할 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있습니다.
이 식물의 열매는 인도에서 당뇨병, 소화불량, 심장병, 기침, 궤양, 위장 질환, 천식, 작열감, 요로 감염 등 다양한 질병을 치료하는 데 사용됩니다.
스리랑카에서는 콜레라, 천식, 정신 질환, 딸꾹질, 당뇨병, 구충제, 채소 중독을 비롯한 여러 질병 치료에 사용됩니다.
한국에서는 당뇨병 및 이뇨를 유발하는 질환 치료에 사용되었습니다.
이 식물은 중국에서 피부를 부드럽게 하고, 얼굴 잡티를 치료하고, 피부 노화를 방지하고, 주름을 줄이는 데 사용됩니다. 또한 고혈압과 염증 치료에도 사용됩니다. 말린 열매 껍질은 열사병으로 인한 갈증이나 소변량 감소를 치료하는 데 사용됩니다.
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