Ferula, een lid van de schermbloemenfamilie (Apiaceae), is een meerjarige, kruidachtige, eenhuizige plant. Deze plant kan een hoogte van 2 meter bereiken, met een bladmassa van 30 tot 40 cm in diameter. Het kruid heeft zeer delicate bladeren en goudgele bloemen. Alle delen van de plant ruiken sterk naar een onaangename geur en hebben een vieze smaak. De stengel van de plant wordt vlak voor de bloei dicht bij de wortels afgesneden, waarna er een melkachtige vloeistof uit de snede vloeit die uiteindelijk verhardt tot hars. Drie maanden na de eerste snede is de behandeling voltooid. De plant produceert in deze periode meer dan een kilo hars. De vruchten zijn roodbruin van kleur en plat, dun en ovaal van vorm. De zelfbestuivende asafoetida-plant heeft zowel mannelijke als vrouwelijke bloemen die door insecten worden bestoven.
Algemene informatie
De gangbare naam voor dit kruid is asafoetida; het Latijnse woord "foetid" betekent "zeer geurig". Het is een bitter, scherp kruid met een afstotende geur. Andere namen voor dit kruid zijn onder andere "Food of the God", asant, smelling gum, devil's dung, hing, hingu, ting en kayam. Wanneer de levende wortelstok en penwortels van de verschillende soorten Ferula worden doorgesneden, komt er hing vrij, een harsachtige, gomachtige substantie. Asafoetida heeft een penetrante geur en een bittere smaak, zoals de naam al doet vermoeden. Hing wordt in de Ayurveda gebruikt vanwege de vele geneeskrachtige eigenschappen. Deze plant is vooral geschikt als hulpmiddel bij de spijsvertering en als kruid in de keuken. Het wordt gebruikt voor het maken van augurken en curry's. In zijn puurste vorm heeft het een krachtige geur.
De twee belangrijkste soorten asafoetida die gemakkelijk verkrijgbaar zijn, zijn hing kabuli saffed (melkwitte asafoetida) en lal hing (rode asafoetida). De melkwitte variant is gemakkelijk oplosbaar in water, terwijl de rode variant in olie oplosbaar is. Omdat asafoetida ook in poeder- en tabletvorm verkrijgbaar is, wordt de pure vorm ervan niet vaak gebruikt.
Het werd beschouwd als het voedsel van de goden en was een veelvoorkomend gerecht in het oude Rome.
Leefgebied
Asafoetida is een plant die oorspronkelijk afkomstig is uit Iran, Pakistan en Afghanistan. De plant wordt over de hele wereld geëxporteerd en groeit veelvuldig in Kasjmir, India.
Classificatie
Koninkrijk- Plantae
Familie- Apiaceae
Volgorde- Apiales
Andere namen
Engelse naam- Duivelsmest, voedsel van de goden
Hindi naam- Heeng, Hing
Telugu naam- Inguva
Bengaalse naam- Scharnier
Kannada naam- Hingu
Marathi naam- Scharnier
Gujarati naam- Badharani
Tamil naam- Perungayam
Malayalam naam- Rungayam
Perzische naam- Angajah, Angoj
Arabische naam- Hilteel
Franse naam- Assa foetida, Ferulr perisque
Duitse naam- Asafotida, Stinkende asant
Italiaanse naam- Asafoetida
Spaanse naam- Asafoetida
Afghaanse naam- Kama-i-anguza
Turkse naam- Seyan tersi
Ayurvedische eigenschappen
Hindi/Sanskriet
Engels
Rasa (Smaak)
Katu
Scherp
Guna (Actie)
Laghu, Snigdha, Teekshana
Licht, vettig, scherp
Virya (Potentie)
Ushna
Heet
Vipaka (smaak na de spijsvertering)
Katu
Scherp
Effecten op de Dosha's
Het brengt de kapha- en vata-dosha in balans.
Charak Samhita
Sushrut Samhita
Vagbhata
Deepneya -Kruiden worden gebruikt om de spijsvertering en de eetlust te bevorderen.
Shvashara -Kruiden worden gebruikt bij de behandeling van aandoeningen van de luchtwegen, waaronder astma.
Sanjnasthapana -Kruidenmiddelen die je kunnen helpen je bewustzijn terug te krijgen.
Katuskanda -Kruidige planten hebben een sterke smaak.
Pipalyadi gana,
Ushkayadi gana
Pippalyadi gana
Praktische toepassingen
Het is een fantastische specerij voor de behandeling van spijsverteringsproblemen. Het heeft krampstillende eigenschappen en wordt gebruikt bij de behandeling van worminfecties, prikkelbare darmsyndroom, winderigheid en buikpijn.
Astma, hoest, verkoudheid, kinkhoest en tal van ademhalingsproblemen zijn slechts enkele van de aandoeningen waarvoor het wordt gebruikt, omdat het ontstekingsremmende, antivirale en antibacteriële eigenschappen heeft. Het helpt het lichaam te ontdoen van overtollig slijm en borstcongestie en werkt tegelijkertijd als een stimulans voor de luchtwegen.
Het is een zegen voor de gezondheid van vrouwen en helpt menstruatiepijn te verminderen, evenals een zware en onregelmatige menstruatie. Het bevordert een soepele menstruatie en wordt gebruikt om de progesteronspiegel te verhogen.
Door de hectische schema's van tegenwoordig komen hoofdpijn en migraine veel voor. Naast de behandeling van hoofdpijn wordt hingu ook gebruikt om irritatie van de bloedvaten te verminderen.
Asafoetida wordt gebruikt om abortussen op te wekken, omdat het ook abortieve eigenschappen bezit.
Bovendien werkt het als opiumtegengif.
Coumarinen, die bloedstolling tegengaan, komen veel voor in asafoetida. Deze plant heeft een antistollende werking die het lichaam helpt bij het bestrijden van een hoog cholesterolgehalte en is zeer effectief in het verlagen van een hoge bloeddruk.
Het dient om het zenuwstelsel te activeren en wordt gebruikt bij de behandeling van een aantal aandoeningen, waaronder convulsies, hysterie en flauwvallen.
Asafoetida (hing) is een zeer krachtige antioxidant die het lichaam beschermt tegen de effecten van verschillende vrije radicalen. Deze plant verlaagt de bloedsuikerspiegel en stimuleert de alvleesklier om meer insuline af te geven.
Asafoetida kan de vata- en kapha-dosha's kalmeren.
Gebruikt onderdeel
Bovengrondse delen - stengel, bladeren en bloemen
Harsen
Olie verkregen uit harsen
Dosering
Thee - 1-2 kopjes
Tinctuur - ½ tot 1 theelepel per dag
Poedervormige harsen - 0,3 tot 1 gram
Voorzichtigheid
Omdat het een miskraam kan veroorzaken, wordt het gebruik ervan tijdens de zwangerschap afgeraden.
Gezwollen lippen, misselijkheid, braken en een branderig gevoel zijn allemaal symptomen van overmatig gebruik.
Gebruik op de huid kan irritatie en huiduitslag veroorzaken.
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